I. Introduction Open finance — the customer-permissioned sharing of financial data across institutions and service providers — is no longer a distant policy concept. It…
Digital transformation “entails changes at a fundamental, foundational level, which means that it requires organizations to evolve.” (BIS 2019) Introduction The rapid expansion of financial…
The financial system in Kazakhstan is undergoing a dynamic transformation associated with digitalization, the main factors of which are the external shocks of recent years…